In this research project I worked together with stream restoration practitioners from 5 Dutch water boards and scientists from 3 universities to develop and monitor new stream restoration strategies. The project involved the monitoring of so-called re-meander projects, where a new sinuous channel planform was constructed in a lowered floodplain. Several of these projects I surveyed to obtain data for my PhD research. The project also involved several field sites where large woody debris was (re)introduced into the stream, to increase the amount of large structures and to increase the variation in flow velocity. Within the project I collaborated with two other PhD students, Jan de Brouwer from Alterra and Rob Fraaije from Utrecht University.
In September and October 2011 we performed a field campaign in central Poland. The aim of this field campaign was to characterize reference conditions for lowland streams. Based on an initial survey, we selected four lowland streams which were morphologically undisturbed. At these four streams, we performed a series of measurements to characterize the morphology, hydrology and ecology of undisturbed lowland streams. These measurements included a bathymetrical survey, habitat mapping, flow velocity measurements, sediment sampling, macroinvertebrate sampling, vegetation mapping and continuous waterlevel, water temperature and light measurements. Below you will find photos of the field sites.
Freshwater Science 39 (4): 2020
In hydromorphologically-degraded lowland streams, large-wood reintroductions are often used to re-establish instream physical structure, which might also increase biodiversity. However, the success rate of this approach varies in terms of positive macroinvertebrate assemblage responses. To obtain better insight into macroinvertebrate–wood relationships, we studied macroinvertebrate assemblage composition and its associated ecological and functional traits in 3 lowland streams in The Netherlands where wood was reintroduced. We used a before–after control–impact design in which we studied stream sections in 3 y: 1 y before and 2 y after large wood was added to some stream sections but not others. We recorded changes in physical structure expressed as substrate diversity, complexity, patchiness, and stability and then compared these parameters within and among the control and treated sections in each stream. We also sampled macroinvertebrates to determine whether the assemblage composition changed because of the wood addition. Finally, we assessed whether changes in macroinvertebrate assemblage could be related to taxa preferences for substrate type and flow and to their functional traits related to mode of locomotion and feeding type. Habitat heterogeneity increased after the wood additions and was relatively stable between years. Macroinvertebrate assemblages changed relative to the control sections in the 2 y after introduction, with 50 to 58% of the taxa increasing or decreasing significantly in abundance. Despite the changes in substrate composition and habitat heterogeneity, most of the functional relationships we expected between macroinvertebrates and large wood were either not apparent or site specific. The only characteristic shared by the macroinvertebrates that consistently increased in response to wood additions was a high affinity for hard substrates. In 1 stream we also observed an increase in taxa with a preference for high-flow velocity and a grazer–scraper feeding mode. These findings suggest that an increase in the surface area of stable, hard substrate was the main underlying ecological effect of reintroducing large wood to the stream channel of sand-bed lowland streams, at least in the short term, and that this change only affected a specific part of the macroinvertebrate assemblage. Changes in assemblage composition occurred primarily during the 1st y after the wood additions and decreased between the 1st and 2nd y, so colonization in this early successional stage seems to be limited to the species pool present in the immediate surroundings.
Ecohydrology 10 (7): e1883, 2017
Leaves are the major component of terrestrial litter input into aquatic systems. Leaves are distributed by the flow, accumulate in low flow areas, and form patches. In natural streams, stable leaf patches form around complex structures, such as large woody debris. Until now, little is known about flow conditions under which leaf patches persist. This study aims to quantify flow conditions for stable leaf patches and entrainment of leaf patches. We hypothesize that entraining flow processes, such as turbulence, Reynolds stress, or lift forcing (vertical flow velocity), best explain local leaf retention. This study was performed in an unscaled flume experiment, which conditions coincide with conditions found in low‐energetic lowland streams. We positioned a wooden obstacle perpendicular to the flow on the bed of the flume. A leaf patch was positioned downstream from the wooden obstacle. The experiment was performed under 5 flow conditions. We monitored leaf patch cover and near‐bed flow conditions in the area downstream of the wooden obstacle. We showed that near‐bed flow velocities explain leaf retention better than more complex flow velocity derivatives such as turbulence, Reynolds stress, and vertical flow velocity. The entrainment near‐bed flow velocity for leaves ranges from 0.037 to 0.050 m/s. Flow velocities frequently exceed those values, even in low‐energetic lowland streams. Therefore, complex structures, such as woody debris, create flow conditions to support stable leaf patches. Thus, adding instead of removing obstacles may be a key strategy in restoring biodiversity in deteriorated streams.
STOWA 2012-36: 56 p., 2012
De optimale combinatie van beekdalbrede, samenhangende morfologische en hydrologische maatregelen biedt een effectieve uitkomst voor de verbetering van ecologische leefomstandigheden voor de KRW-kwaliteitselementen, het behalen van een gewenste KRW-ecologische waterkwaliteit in de beek en de gewenste verbetering van de natuurkwaliteiten in het beekdal. Het doel van het project Beekdalbreed Hermeanderen was om in de praktijk in beekherstelprojecten een gedempt afvoer- en een stabiel en gevarieerd habitatpatroon te realiseren door morfologische en hydrologische maatregelen in samenhang uit te voeren. In zes beekdalbreed uitgevoerde hermeanderingsprojecten en in zeven projecten waarbij dood hout is ingebracht is onderzocht welke hydrologische, morfologische, terrestrisch- en aquatisch-ecologische effecten optraden. Het hydrologische en morfologische onderzoek heeft laten zien dat afvoereffecten pas zichtbaar worden als lange (veel langere dan de onderzochte trajecten) trajecten worden gehermeanderd. Bij een project (Lunterse Beek) heeft hermeanderen geleid tot een gedempte dynamiek in de waterdiepte. Dit was het gevolg van de aanleg van een vrijwel horizontaal winterbed. Grote morfologische veranderingen treden alleen vlak na aanleg op. Kleine morfologische veranderingen treden zeer lokaal op. Het onderzoek naar de ontwikkeling van de beekdalvegetatie laat zien dat de meeste nieuwe soorten en zaden via overstroming met beekwater zich het herstelde gebied binnenkomen. Ten opzichte van niet herstelde beektrajecten is na 1 á 2 jaar al een toename in het aantal soorten te zien. Overstroming versnelt de kolonisatie van het beekdal. Een brede hydrologische dwarsgradiënt zorgt voor een biodiverse vegetatie. Het beekmacrofauna-onderzoek laat zien dat stromingscondities belangrijk zijn en dat hermeandering met verkleind p‑rofiel de stromingscondities en habitatheterogeniteit sterk verbeteren. Binnen de twee jaar na de hermeandering zijn meer rheofiele soorten en minder indicatoren voor stilstaand water aanwezig. Het inbrengen van dood hout is een zeer effectieve methode gebleken om plaatselijk de habitatheterogeniteit en stromingsvariatie in de beek te verhogen. Eén jaar na houtinbreng is duidelijk dat de veranderde habitatcondities gevolgen hebben gehad voor de macrofaunagemeenschap. In tegenstelling tot hermeanderen leidt inbrengen van dood hout niet tot een afname van het totaal aantal soorten en individuen. Inbreng van dood hout biedt daarmee veel perspectief om met behoud van bestaande waarden de beek te verbeteren. Het inbrengen van dood hout vergroot in sterke mate de robuustheid van het beeksysteem.
EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria
April 17-22, 2016